The Alleged 1559 Luna Colony Site: The 2021 UWF Field Season
by Caleb Curren, CAI
September 2021
Terrestrial Site
The University of West Florida (UWF) has completed its 2021 field season at their alleged 1559 Spanish colony site in Pensacola, Florida. Unfortunately, once again, UWF has failed to find the requisite archeological features that would prove the location of the Luna Colony. They have not reported Spanish burials, nor have they reported Spanish fire hearths, structures, or proven refuse pits even after having dug well over a thousand excavation units (see map next page). These facts continue to plague UWF even as they continue to use numerous media outlets to promote fallacious claims of their “discovery” of the colony.
Anchorage of the Luna Fleet of Ships
The University of West Florida claims in a video posted in August of 2021 that the “entire fleet of the Luna Expedition was anchored just offshore of the terrestrial site of 8Es1.” There is absolutely no proof that is the case. Indeed, there are three Spanish ships from the 1500s wrecked on a shallow sandbar offshore from the terrestrial site, however there is no evidence that they were anchored at that spot, rather they were wind and wave driven onto the sandbar having broken their anchor lines elsewhere in Pensacola Bay during the storm. “ On the 20th day of August … the most terrible storm … that men have ever seen (struck the anchored ships) … As if the (anchor) cables were threads of string and the anchors were not of iron, the force of the wind destroyed them. It tore loose the ships (from their anchorage) (Fray Agustin Davila Padilla, Historia de la Fundacion de Mexico de la orden de Predicadores, Second Edition Brussels, 1625: translated by R. Wayne Childers and David B. Dodson).
Native Village
The University of West Florida continues to give very little attention to the Native village and two burial mounds that existed at the terrestrial site (8Es1). The Smithsonian Institution discovered the site in the late 1800s and revisited it in the 1940s. UWF is focusing mainly on the 16th-Century Spanish artifacts that have been found on the site. Native people lived on the site, perhaps periodically, for over a thousand years. They might well have salvaged the shipwrecks just offshore from their village and brought the Spanish artifacts back to their homes. The majority of the artifacts found on the site are Native, not Spanish.
Conclusion
It is less than professional for news outlets and archeological journals to report the UWF Luna Colony claims without scrutinizing the scientific data that may or may not support those claims. If site 8Es1 is the Luna
Colony, it must be substantiated by hard scientific data of Spanish features which UWF has not produced. Spanish artifacts mixed with Native artifacts in a midden is not enough to prove the Luna Colony claim of the University of West Florida. The firestorm of media blitz by UWF is not supported by sufficient factual data. The University of West Florida needs to present a complete, detailed, technical document for review by the professional community. UWF has conducted field excavations for seven years and has yet to produce such a document.
Arnold, J. Barto III and Robert Weddle
1978 The Nautical Archeology of Padre Island, The Spanish Shipwrecks of 1554. Texas Antiquities Committee. Academic Press.
Bratten, John R., Jason M. Burns, James W. Hunter III, and J. Cozzi
1998 Underwater Field Investigations 1998. University of West Florida Archaeology Institute, Report of Investigations #70.
Bullen, Ripley P.
1951 S.T. Walker, an Early Florida Archeologist. The Florida Anthropologist, November 1951.
Curren, Caleb
1994 The Search for Santa Maria, a 1559 Spanish Colony on the Northern Florida Coast. Pensacola Archeology Lab.
Curren, Caleb, Keith J. Little, and Harry O. Holstein
1989 Aboriginal Societies Encountered by the Tristan de Luna Expedition. The Florida Anthropologist, volume 42, number 4, December 1989.
Dodson, David B.
2021 Fact, Fiction, or Fraud? The University of West Florida and the “Irrefutable” 1559 Luna Settlement Site. Archeologyink.com. (http://archeologyink.com/fact-fiction-or-fraud/)
Davis, John L.
1977 Treasure, People, Ships and Dreams. Texas Antiquities Committee. Publication No. 4.
Franklin, Marianne, John William Morris III, and Roger C. Smith
1991 Submerged Historical Resources of Pensacola Bay, Florida. The Pensacola Shipwreck Survey. Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research. Division of Historical Resources.
Mitchem, Jeffrey M.
2008 New information on Nineteenth-Century Archaeologist S.T. Walker. Paper presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the Florida Anthropological Society. Tampa.
2000 Sylvanus T. Walker’s Adventures in Florida. Paper presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting, Florida Anthropological Society. Ft. Meyers, Florida.
Smith, Roger C. , John R. Bratten, and J. Cozzi
1998 The Emanuel Point Ship Archaeological Investigations 1997-1998. Report of Investigations #68, Archaeology Institute. University of West Florida.
Smith, Roger C., James Spirek, John Bratten, and Della Scott-Ireton
1995 The Emanuel Point Ship: Archaeological Investigations, 1992-1994. Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research. Division of Historical Resources.
Walker, S.T.
1885 Mounds and Shell Heaps on the West Coast of Florida. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1883.
Willey, Gordon R.
1949 Archaeology of the Florida Gulf Coast. Smithsonian Institution Collections, vol. 13, Washington, D.C.
- Article
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Terrestrial Site
The University of West Florida (UWF) has completed its 2021 field season at their alleged 1559 Spanish colony site in Pensacola, Florida. Unfortunately, once again, UWF has failed to find the requisite archeological features that would prove the location of the Luna Colony. They have not reported Spanish burials, nor have they reported Spanish fire hearths, structures, or proven refuse pits even after having dug well over a thousand excavation units (see map next page). These facts continue to plague UWF even as they continue to use numerous media outlets to promote fallacious claims of their “discovery” of the colony.
Anchorage of the Luna Fleet of Ships
The University of West Florida claims in a video posted in August of 2021 that the “entire fleet of the Luna Expedition was anchored just offshore of the terrestrial site of 8Es1.” There is absolutely no proof that is the case. Indeed, there are three Spanish ships from the 1500s wrecked on a shallow sandbar offshore from the terrestrial site, however there is no evidence that they were anchored at that spot, rather they were wind and wave driven onto the sandbar having broken their anchor lines elsewhere in Pensacola Bay during the storm. “ On the 20th day of August … the most terrible storm … that men have ever seen (struck the anchored ships) … As if the (anchor) cables were threads of string and the anchors were not of iron, the force of the wind destroyed them. It tore loose the ships (from their anchorage) (Fray Agustin Davila Padilla, Historia de la Fundacion de Mexico de la orden de Predicadores, Second Edition Brussels, 1625: translated by R. Wayne Childers and David B. Dodson).
Native Village
The University of West Florida continues to give very little attention to the Native village and two burial mounds that existed at the terrestrial site (8Es1). The Smithsonian Institution discovered the site in the late 1800s and revisited it in the 1940s. UWF is focusing mainly on the 16th-Century Spanish artifacts that have been found on the site. Native people lived on the site, perhaps periodically, for over a thousand years. They might well have salvaged the shipwrecks just offshore from their village and brought the Spanish artifacts back to their homes. The majority of the artifacts found on the site are Native, not Spanish.
Conclusion
It is less than professional for news outlets and archeological journals to report the UWF Luna Colony claims without scrutinizing the scientific data that may or may not support those claims. If site 8Es1 is the Luna
Colony, it must be substantiated by hard scientific data of Spanish features which UWF has not produced. Spanish artifacts mixed with Native artifacts in a midden is not enough to prove the Luna Colony claim of the University of West Florida. The firestorm of media blitz by UWF is not supported by sufficient factual data. The University of West Florida needs to present a complete, detailed, technical document for review by the professional community. UWF has conducted field excavations for seven years and has yet to produce such a document. - A Sample of Related Documents
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Arnold, J. Barto III and Robert Weddle
1978 The Nautical Archeology of Padre Island, The Spanish Shipwrecks of 1554. Texas Antiquities Committee. Academic Press.Bratten, John R., Jason M. Burns, James W. Hunter III, and J. Cozzi
1998 Underwater Field Investigations 1998. University of West Florida Archaeology Institute, Report of Investigations #70.Bullen, Ripley P.
1951 S.T. Walker, an Early Florida Archeologist. The Florida Anthropologist, November 1951.Curren, Caleb
1994 The Search for Santa Maria, a 1559 Spanish Colony on the Northern Florida Coast. Pensacola Archeology Lab.Curren, Caleb, Keith J. Little, and Harry O. Holstein
1989 Aboriginal Societies Encountered by the Tristan de Luna Expedition. The Florida Anthropologist, volume 42, number 4, December 1989.Dodson, David B.
2021 Fact, Fiction, or Fraud? The University of West Florida and the “Irrefutable” 1559 Luna Settlement Site. Archeologyink.com. (http://archeologyink.com/fact-fiction-or-fraud/)Davis, John L.
1977 Treasure, People, Ships and Dreams. Texas Antiquities Committee. Publication No. 4.Franklin, Marianne, John William Morris III, and Roger C. Smith
1991 Submerged Historical Resources of Pensacola Bay, Florida. The Pensacola Shipwreck Survey. Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research. Division of Historical Resources.Mitchem, Jeffrey M.
2008 New information on Nineteenth-Century Archaeologist S.T. Walker. Paper presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the Florida Anthropological Society. Tampa.
2000 Sylvanus T. Walker’s Adventures in Florida. Paper presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting, Florida Anthropological Society. Ft. Meyers, Florida.Smith, Roger C. , John R. Bratten, and J. Cozzi
1998 The Emanuel Point Ship Archaeological Investigations 1997-1998. Report of Investigations #68, Archaeology Institute. University of West Florida.Smith, Roger C., James Spirek, John Bratten, and Della Scott-Ireton
1995 The Emanuel Point Ship: Archaeological Investigations, 1992-1994. Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research. Division of Historical Resources.Walker, S.T.
1885 Mounds and Shell Heaps on the West Coast of Florida. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1883.Willey, Gordon R.
1949 Archaeology of the Florida Gulf Coast. Smithsonian Institution Collections, vol. 13, Washington, D.C. - Download PDF Version